KrazyWorks » Basic Network Configuration Under Solaris

Basic Network Configuration Under Solaris

Submitted by Igor on November 26, 2005 – 1:27 pmNo Comment

The following document provides a general overview of the network configuration process for Solaris. For a detailed review of Solaris network configuration please see Chapter 4 of the O’Reilly Solaris 8 Administration Guide by Paul Watters: Solaris 8 Administration Guide, Chapter 4

The basic Solaris network configuration process follows these steps:

Check available network interfaces
Configure loopback interface
Configure ethernet interface(s)
Edit /etc/hosts, /etc/defaultrouter, /etc/hostname.(interface_name), /etc/defaultdomain, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /etc/resolv.conf
Restart inet daemon

Network Interfaces

Hardware and Driver Information

• To check the current hardware and driver specifications of your network card run the Korn shell script at the bottom of this document.

Alternatively, run the following set of commands:

Run ifconfig –a

Example:

ifconfig –a
 
lo0: flags=1000849 mtu 8232 index 1
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
eri0: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2
        inet 128.222.147.22 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 128.222.147.255
        ether 0:3:ba:44:9d:22

2. for each interface from step 1 (i.e. lo0, etc.) run netstat –I

Example:

netstat –I eri0
 
Name  Mtu  Net/Dest Address Ipkts  Ierrs Opkts  Oerrs Collis Queue
eri0  1500 jtripper.domain.com jtripper.domain.com 204358186 0     335053251 3     0      0

Network configuration

Standalone host

Example environment:

Hostname = jtripper
IP = 128.222.147.22
Local loopback interface = lo0
Primary network interface = eri0
Default domain = jedi

Example configuration sequence:

1. To configure local loopback interface:

ifconfig lo0 inet 127.0.0.1

2. To configure Primary NIC:

ifconfig eri0 plumb
 
ifconfig eri0 inet 128.222.147.22 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 128.222.147.255
 
ifconfig eri0 up

3. Populate /etc/hosts file:

vi /etc/hosts
 
127.0.0.1       localhost       loghost
128.222.147.22  jtripper

4. Configure default router (gateway):

vi /etc/defaultrouter
 
128.222.147.1

The /etc/defaultrouter file is read by /etc/rc2.d/S69inet during system boot. The default router is then added to the routing table. You can run this script manually:

/etc/rc2.d/S69inet stop
/etc/rc2.d/S69inet start

You can also add or change a default router manually (but you will lose this setting once the system is rebooted – only settings in /etc/defaultrouter will be retained):

route add default 128.222.147.1
route change default 128.222.147.1

You can specify a particular route for a particular address.

Example:

route add -net 10.0.0.0 -netmask 255.0.0.0 128.222.22.111

(NOTE: If you don’t want your machine to use the router – i.e. you want to limit the machine’s access to internal network – you need to touch /etc/notrouter )

To obtain routing statistics run:

netstat –r
 
Routing Table: IPv4
  Destination           Gateway           Flags  Ref   Use   Interface
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------
128.222.147.0        jtripper.domain.com U         1   2585  eri0
224.0.0.0            jtripper.domain.com U         1      0  eri0
default              rd86-328g2.domain.com UG        1  10320
localhost            localhost            UH       216687155  lo0

To view the route for a particular netowrk destination:

traceroute marvin.domain.com
 
traceroute to marvin.domain.com (128.222.22.57), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
 1  rd86-328g2.domain.com (128.222.144.1)  0.829 ms  0.782 ms  0.654 ms
 2  rd86-328b.domain.com (128.222.82.2)  0.608 ms  0.854 ms  0.846 ms
 3  marvin.domain.com (128.222.22.57)  0.824 ms  0.766 ms  0.552 ms

5. Configure default hostname:

vi /etc/hostname.eri0
 
jtripper

6. To verify that the interface is being addressed correctly by other hosts on the local network:

arp –a
 
Net to Media Table: IPv4
Device   IP Address               Mask      Flags   Phys Addr
------ -------------------- --------------- ----- ---------------
eri0   rd86-328g2.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:0b:bf:f2:68:00
eri0   e137443.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:08:74:9e:63:55
eri0   e449158.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:0b:db:86:f4:b0
eri0   phl-lab-02.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:90:27:3d:21:4d
eri0   e259822.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:b0:d0:cb:99:77
eri0   e060146.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:06:5b:87:28:11
eri0   e390650.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:0b:db:58:e5:cf
eri0   e716918.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:04:00:4c:48:25
eri0   jtripper.domain.com 255.255.255.255 SP    00:03:ba:44:9d:22
eri0   e731038.domain.com 255.255.255.255       08:00:11:09:01:b9
eri0   rd86-328g2.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:0b:bf:f2:68:00
eri0   rd86-328g2.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:0b:bf:f2:68:00
eri0   hpdyn08.domain.com 255.255.255.255       00:10:83:f9:77:a6
eri0   224.0.0.0            240.0.0.0       SM    01:00:5e:00:00:00

DNS Environment

In addition to the previous steps, complete the following configuration sequence:

7. Define default domain (“jedi” in this example)

domainname jedi
 
vi /etc/defaultdomain
 
jedi

8. Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf to match the following line:

vi /etc/nsswitch.conf
 
hosts:      dns files

NIS Environment

9. Edit /etc/hosts to add entries for NIS master and slave servers

Rename /etc/auto_home to /etc/auto_home.save

Copy /etc/nsswitch.nis to /etc/nsswitch.conf

Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf to match the following line:

vi /etc/nsswitch.conf
 
networks:   nis [NOTFOUND=return] files
protocols:  nis [NOTFOUND=return] files
rpc:        nis [NOTFOUND=return] files
ethers:     nis [NOTFOUND=return] files
netmasks:   nis [NOTFOUND=return] files
bootparams: nis [NOTFOUND=return] files
publickey:  nis [NOTFOUND=return] files
netgroup:   nis
automount:  files nis
aliases:    files nis
 
# for efficient getservbyname() avoid nis
services:   files nis
sendmailvars:   files
printers:       user files nis
auth_attr:      files nis
prof_attr:      files nis
project:    files nis

Initialize client with

ypinit -c

Enable NIS service (on Solaris 10)

svcadm enable network/nis/client

10. Edit /etc/resolv.conf to make it look something like this:

domain domain.com
nameserver 128.222.121.11
nameserver 128.222.26.11
search domain2.com domain3.com domain4.com

Here’s a sample script to display status of network interfaces on a Solaris system:

#!/bin/ksh
# NIC STATUS
#set -x
#####################################
# VARIABLES
#
SCRIPT=$(/bin/basename $0)
NDD=/usr/sbin/ndd
NETSTAT=/usr/bin/netstat
IFC=/sbin/ifconfig
 
typeset -R5 LINK
typeset -R9 AUTOSPEED
typeset -R6 STATUS
typeset -R6 SPEED
typeset -R5 MODE
typeset -R18 ETHER
 
#####################################
# FUNCTIONS
#
 
#---- Function to check volume sizes and states.
#
USAGE()
{
echo
echo "$SCRIPT"
echo "$SCRIPT [-t]"
echo
echo "          -t = Print tcp settings"
}
 
#---- Function to test that the user is root.
#
Check_ID()
{
ID=$(/usr/ucb/whoami)
if [ $ID != "root" ]; then echo "$ID, you must be root to run this program."
        exit 1
fi
}
 
#---- Function to test a Cassini Gigabit-Ethernet port (i.e. ce_).
#
Check_CE()
{
autospeed=`${NETSTAT} -k $LINK| \
awk '{for (i=1; i< =NF; ++i) {if ($i == "cap_1000fdx") {print $(i+1)}}}'`
case $autospeed in
   1) AUTOSPEED=on      ;;
   0) AUTOSPEED=off     ;;
   *) AUTOSPEED=Error   ;;
esac
 
status=`${NETSTAT} -k $LINK| \
awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; ++i) {if ($i == "link_up") {print $(i+1)}}}'`
case $status in
   1) STATUS=Up         ;;
   0) STATUS=DOWN       ;;
   *) STATUS=Error      ;;
esac
 
SPEED=`${NETSTAT} -k $LINK| \
awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; ++i) {if ($i == "link_speed") {print $(i+1)}}}'`
 
mode=`${NETSTAT} -k $LINK| \
awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; ++i) {if ($i == "link_duplex") {print $(i+1)}}}'`
case $mode in
   2) MODE=FDX          ;;
   1) MODE=HDX          ;;
   0) MODE=---          ;;
   *) MODE=Error        ;;
esac
}
 
#---- Function to test Quad Fast-Ethernet, Fast-Ethernet, and
#     GEM Gigabit-Ethernet (i.e. qfe_, hme_, ge_)
#
Check_NIC()
{
${NDD} -set /dev/${1} instance ${2}
 
if [ $type = "ge" ];then
        autospeed=`${NDD} -get /dev/${1} adv_1000autoneg_cap`
else    autospeed=`${NDD} -get /dev/${1} adv_autoneg_cap`
fi
case $autospeed in
   1) AUTOSPEED=on      ;;
   0) AUTOSPEED=off     ;;
   *) AUTOSPEED=Error   ;;
esac
 
status=`${NDD} -get /dev/${1} link_status`
case $status in
   1) STATUS=Up         ;;
   0) STATUS=DOWN       ;;
   *) STATUS=Error      ;;
esac
 
speed=`${NDD} -get /dev/${1} link_speed`
case $speed in
   1000) SPEED=1GB      ;;
   1) SPEED=100MB       ;;
   0) SPEED=10MB        ;;
   *) SPEED=Error       ;;
esac
 
mode=`${NDD} -get /dev/${1} link_mode`
case $mode in
   1) MODE=FDX          ;;
   0) MODE=HDX          ;;
   *) MODE=Error        ;;
esac
}
 
#---- Function to test the Davicom Fast Ethernet, DM9102A, devices
#     on the Netra X1 and SunFire V100 (i.e. dmfe_)
#
Check_DMF_NIC()
{
autospeed=`${NDD} -get /dev/${1}${2} adv_autoneg_cap`
case $autospeed in
   1) AUTOSPEED=on      ;;
   0) AUTOSPEED=off     ;;
   *) AUTOSPEED=Error   ;;
esac
 
status=`${NDD} -get /dev/${1}${2} link_status`
case $status in
   1) STATUS=Up         ;;
   0) STATUS=DOWN       ;;
   *) STATUS=Error      ;;
esac
 
speed=`${NDD} -get /dev/${1}${2} link_speed`
case $speed in
   1000) SPEED=1GB      ;;
   100) SPEED=100MB     ;;
   10) SPEED=10MB       ;;
   0) SPEED=10MB        ;;
   *) SPEED=Error       ;;
esac
 
mode=`${NDD} -get /dev/${1}${2} link_mode`
case $mode in
   1) MODE=FDX          ;;
   0) MODE=HDX          ;;
   *) MODE=Error        ;;
esac
}
 
#---- Function to print "read and write" tcp settings.
#
Check_TCP()
{
echo
echo "TCP settings"
echo "============"
for i in `/usr/sbin/ndd /dev/tcp \?| egrep -v "tcp_host_param"| \
awk '/read and write/ {print $1}'`
do
 echo "`/usr/sbin/ndd -get /dev/tcp $i`\t\c"
 echo $i
done
}
 
#####################################
# MASTER NICSTATUS FUNCTION
#
 
#---- Function to test network port configurations.
#
Nic_Status()
{
# Output header.
echo
echo " Link Autospeed Status  Speed  Mode   Ethernet Address"
echo "----- --------- ------ ------ ----- ------------------"
#
# Create a uniq list of network ports configured on the system.
#
# NOTE: This is done to avoid multiple references to a single network port
#       (i.e. qfe0 and qfe0:1).
#
for LINK in `${IFC} -a| egrep -v "lo|be|dman|lpfc"| \
awk -F: '/^[a-z,A-z]/ {print $1}'| sort -u`
do
 type=$(echo $LINK | sed 's/[0-9]//g')
 num=$(echo $LINK | sed 's/[a-z,A-Z]//g')
#
# Here we reference the functions above to set the variables for each port which
# will be outputed below.
#
 case $type in
   ce)   Check_CE $type $num      ;;
   dmfe) Check_DMF_NIC $type $num ;;
   *)    Check_NIC $type $num     ;;
 esac
#
# Set ethernet variable and output all findings for a port to the screen.
#
 ETHER=`${IFC} ${LINK}| awk '/ether/ {print $2}'`
 echo "$LINK $AUTOSPEED $STATUS $SPEED $MODE $ETHER"
done
}
 
#############################################
# Start
#############################################
#
aflag=
bflag=
vflag=
while getopts t? name
do
 case $name in
  t)    tflag=1                 ;;
  ?)    USAGE
        exit 2                  ;;
 esac
done
 
Check_ID
Nic_Status
 
if [ ! -z $tflag ]; then
 Check_TCP
fi
 
set +x